{"id":133,"date":"2016-12-23T20:07:53","date_gmt":"2016-12-23T20:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/?page_id=133"},"modified":"2017-02-24T15:23:48","modified_gmt":"2017-02-24T15:23:48","slug":"glossary-of-terms-and-translations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/?page_id=133","title":{"rendered":"Glossary of Terms and Translations"},"content":{"rendered":"

Here is a list of key Neo-Confucian philosophical terms, together with our preferred translations (in\u00a0bold<\/strong>) and other common translations. To see these terms used in context, we suggest doing a search on a given term, in Chinese or in English, on this site’s Translations with Chinese Text<\/a>\u00a0page. We periodically discuss one of these terms on this site’s Blog<\/a> page, and when we do so we will add a link from this table to that discussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pinyin<\/em><\/td>\nWade-Giles<\/em><\/td>\nTraditional<\/em><\/p>\n

Chinese<\/em><\/td>\n

Simplified Chinese<\/em> (where different)<\/td>\nEnglish translations\u00a0<\/em>(our preferred translation is given first, in bold<\/strong>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b\u011bn<\/em><\/td>\npen<\/em><\/td>\n\u672c<\/td>\n<\/td>\ninherent<\/strong>, original<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b\u011bnt\u01d0<\/em><\/td>\npen-t’i<\/em><\/td>\n\u672c\u9ad4<\/td>\n\u672c\u4f53<\/td>\ninherent reality<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c\u00e1i<\/em><\/td>\ntsai<\/em><\/td>\n\u624d<\/td>\n<\/td>\nendowment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c\u00e8y\u01d0n\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\ntse-yin\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u60fb\u96b1<\/td>\n<\/td>\nalarm and\u00a0commiseration<\/strong> (one of the four beginnings)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ch\u00e9ng<\/em><\/td>\nch\u2019eng<\/em><\/td>\n\u8aa0<\/td>\n\u8bda<\/td>\nsincerity<\/strong>, integrity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d\u00e0o<\/em><\/td>\ntao<\/em><\/td>\n\u9053<\/td>\n<\/td>\nWay<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d\u00e0ot\u01d2ng<\/em><\/td>\ntao-t’ung<\/em><\/td>\n\u9053\u7d71<\/td>\n\u9053\u7edf<\/td>\nsuccession of the Way<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
du\u0101n<\/em><\/td>\ntuan<\/em><\/td>\n\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/td>\nbeginning<\/strong>\u00a0(as in four beginnings)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
gan<\/em><\/td>\nkan<\/em><\/td>\n\u611f<\/td>\n<\/td>\nreceptivity<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g\u00e9w\u00f9<\/em><\/td>\nko-wu<\/em><\/td>\n\u683c\u7269<\/td>\n\u683c\u7269<\/td>\ngetting a handle on things,<\/strong> investigation of things<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g\u014dng<\/em><\/td>\nk’ung<\/em><\/td>\n\u516c<\/td>\n<\/td>\nimpartial<\/strong>, public, public minded<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
j\u012b<\/em><\/td>\nchi<\/em><\/td>\n\u6a5f<\/td>\n\u673a<\/td>\nincipience<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
j\u00ecng<\/em><\/td>\nching<\/em><\/td>\n\u975c<\/td>\n<\/td>\ntranquility<\/strong>, quiesence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
j\u00ecng<\/em><\/td>\nching<\/em><\/td>\n\u656c<\/td>\n<\/td>\nreverential attention<\/strong>, reverence, seriousness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
l\u01d0<\/em><\/td>\nli<\/em><\/td>\n\u7406<\/td>\n<\/td>\nPattern<\/strong>, coherence, principle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
l\u01d0<\/em><\/td>\nli<\/em><\/td>\n\u79ae<\/td>\n\u793c<\/td>\nritual<\/strong>, ritual<\/strong>\u00a0propriety<\/strong> (as a virtue)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
li yi fen shu<\/em><\/td>\nli i fen shu<\/em><\/td>\n\u7406\u4e00\u5206\u6b8a<\/td>\n<\/td>\nPattern is one and its particularizations are many<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
li\u00e1ngzh\u012b<\/em><\/td>\nliang-chih<\/em><\/td>\n\u826f\u77e5<\/td>\n<\/td>\ngood knowing<\/strong>, pure knowing, innate knowledge of the good<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00ecng<\/em><\/td>\nming<\/em><\/td>\n\u547d<\/td>\n<\/td>\ndecree<\/strong>, mandate, destiny, fate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q\u00ec<\/em><\/td>\nch’i<\/em><\/td>\n\u6c23<\/td>\n\u6c14<\/td>\nvital stuff<\/strong>, material force,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
qiongli<\/em><\/td>\nch’iong-li<\/em><\/td>\n\u7aae\u7406<\/td>\n\u7a77\u7406<\/td>\nexhaustively investigate Pattern<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q\u00eczhi<\/em><\/td>\nchi-chih<\/em><\/td>\n\u6c23\u8cea<\/td>\n\u6c14\u8d28<\/td>\ncontingent constitution<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q\u00edng<\/em><\/td>\nch’ing<\/em><\/td>\n\u60c5<\/td>\n<\/td>\nemotion<\/strong>, feeling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
r\u00e9n<\/em><\/td>\njen<\/em><\/td>\n\u4ec1<\/td>\n<\/td>\nhumaneness<\/strong>, benevolence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shen<\/em><\/td>\nshen<\/em><\/td>\n\u795e<\/td>\n<\/td>\nspirit<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sh\u0113ngsh\u0113ng<\/em><\/td>\nsheng-sheng<\/em><\/td>\n\u751f\u751f<\/td>\n<\/td>\nlife-giving generativity<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
sh\u00ed<\/em><\/td>\nshih<\/em><\/td>\n\u5be6<\/td>\n\u5b9e<\/td>\nsubstantial<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
s\u012b<\/em><\/td>\nssu<\/em><\/td>\n\u79c1<\/td>\n<\/td>\nselfish<\/strong>, self-centered, private, personal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u00e0ih<\/em>\u00e9<\/em><\/td>\nt’ai-ho<\/em><\/td>\n\u592a\u548c<\/td>\n<\/td>\nsupreme harmony<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u00e0<\/em>ixu<\/em><\/td>\nt’ai-hsu<\/em><\/td>\n\u592a\u865b<\/td>\n<\/td>\nsupreme void<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u00e0<\/em>ij\u00ed<\/em><\/td>\nt\u2019ai-chi<\/em><\/td>\n\u592a\u6975<\/td>\n\u592a\u6781<\/td>\nsupreme pivot<\/strong>, Supreme polarity, Great Ultimate, Supreme Ultimate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
t\u01d0<\/em><\/td>\nt’i<\/em><\/td>\n\u9ad4<\/td>\n\u4f53<\/td>\ninherent reality (because short for\u00a0benti<\/em>)<\/b>, substance, body, fundamental state, essence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ti\u0101n<\/em><\/td>\nt\u2019ien<\/em><\/td>\n\u5929<\/td>\n<\/td>\ncosmos<\/strong>, Heaven<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ti\u0101nl\u01d0<\/em><\/td>\nt\u2019ien-li<\/em><\/td>\n\u5929\u7406<\/td>\n<\/td>\ncosmic Pattern<\/strong>, Heavenly Pattern, Heavenly Principle, Universal Coherence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ti\u0101nm\u00ecng<\/em><\/td>\nt\u2019ien-ming<\/em><\/td>\n\u5929\u547d<\/td>\n<\/td>\ncosmic decree<\/strong>, Heaven\u2019s decree, mandate of Heaven, destiny, fate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w\u00e8if\u0101<\/em><\/td>\nwei-fa<\/em><\/td>\n\u672a\u767c<\/td>\n\u672a\u53d1<\/td>\nnot yet manifest<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
e<\/em><\/td>\no<\/td>\n\u60e1<\/td>\n<\/td>\nbad<\/strong>,\u00a0evil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x\u012bn<\/em><\/td>\nhsin<\/em><\/td>\n\u5fc3<\/td>\n<\/td>\nheartmind<\/strong>, heart, mind<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x\u00ecn<\/em><\/td>\nhsin<\/em><\/td>\n\u4fe1<\/td>\n<\/td>\ntrustworthiness<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x\u00ecng<\/em><\/td>\nhsing<\/em><\/td>\n\u6027<\/td>\n<\/td>\nnature<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
x<\/em>\u00ed<\/em>ng er shang<\/em><\/td>\nhsing-er-shang<\/em><\/td>\n\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a<\/td>\n<\/td>\nformless<\/strong>, above form<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
xing er xia<\/em><\/td>\nhsing-er-hsia<\/em><\/td>\n\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b<\/td>\n<\/td>\nwithin form<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
xu<\/em><\/td>\nhs\u00fc<\/em><\/td>\n\u865b<\/td>\n<\/td>\ntenuous<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
y\u00ec<\/em><\/td>\ni<\/em><\/td>\n\u7fa9<\/td>\n\u4e49<\/td>\nrighteousness,\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong>appropriateness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
y\u01d0f\u0101<\/em><\/td>\ni-fa\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u5df2\u767c<\/td>\n\u5df2\u53d1<\/td>\nalready manifest(ed)\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
y\u00f2ng<\/em><\/td>\nyung<\/em><\/td>\n\u7528<\/td>\n<\/td>\nfunction<\/strong>, functional process, application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zh\u012b<\/em><\/td>\nchih<\/em><\/td>\n\u77e5<\/td>\n<\/td>\nknowing<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zh\u00ec<\/em><\/td>\nchih<\/em><\/td>\n\u667a<\/td>\n<\/td>\nwisdom<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here is a list of key Neo-Confucian philosophical terms, together with our preferred translations (in\u00a0bold) and other common translations. To see these terms used in context, we suggest doing a search on a given term, in Chinese or in English, on this site’s Translations with Chinese Text\u00a0page. We periodically discuss one of these terms on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P8ceVq-29","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=133"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":276,"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/133\/revisions\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neo-confucianism.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}